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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AISI 416 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AISI 416 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 88% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 416 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
230 to 320
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
13 to 31
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
230 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
340 to 480
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
510 to 800
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
290 to 600

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
680
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1530
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
30
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
9.9

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
3.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
7.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
27
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
100

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
98 to 140
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
18 to 29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
18 to 25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
8.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
19 to 30

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
12 to 14
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
83.2 to 87.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.060
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0.15 to 0.35
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0