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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. S41045 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and S41045 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 88% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is S41045 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
160
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
25
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
280
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
430
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
740
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
29
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
3.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
8.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
100

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
92
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
7.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
12 to 13
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
83.8 to 88
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.5
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0 to 0.6
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.030
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0