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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. ASTM Grade HK Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and ASTM grade HK steel are iron alloys. They have 54% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HK steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
150
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
79
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1350
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
25
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
4.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
63
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
200

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
48
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
11

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.2 to 0.6
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
24 to 28
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
44.8 to 57.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
18 to 22
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0