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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.6956 Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and EN 1.6956 steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the quenched and tempered condition. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.6956 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
370
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
9.6
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
680
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
730
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
1230
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
1120

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
8.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
5.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
60

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
43
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
32
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
36

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.28 to 0.38
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
1.0 to 1.7
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
92.4 to 95.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.15 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.3 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 0
2.9 to 3.8
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.035
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.080 to 0.25