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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. Grade VDCrV Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and grade VDCrV steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade VDCrV steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
520
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
51
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
1730

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
49
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
26
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
49

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
61
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
41
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
51

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.62 to 0.72
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.4 to 0.6
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.060
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
97.8 to 98.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.5 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.15 to 0.25