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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1046 Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and SAE-AISI 1046 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1046 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
190 to 210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
14 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
240 to 390
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
39 to 50
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
410 to 450
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
660 to 740
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
370 to 610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
11
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
91 to 95
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
23 to 26
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
22 to 23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
23 to 25

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.43 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
98.4 to 98.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.7 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0