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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. S44635 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A232 spring steel and S44635 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 67% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is S44635 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
240
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
390
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
81
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
450
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
710
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
580

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
22
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
4.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
62
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
170

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
150
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.4
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
23

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.025
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
24.5 to 26
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
61.5 to 68.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.2 to 0.8
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.035
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.2 to 0.8
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0