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ASTM A36 Carbon Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A36 carbon steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 81% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A36 carbon steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 22
15 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
430 to 610
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 300
550 to 840
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480
890 to 1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290
710 to 1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 12
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 14
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 44
120

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 92
140 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220
1270 to 2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
32 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
28 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.26
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 99.25 to 100
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030