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ASTM A36 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A36 carbon steel and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A36 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140
490 to 550
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
710 to 790
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 300
1020 to 1140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 12
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 14
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 44
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 92
200 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220
3260 to 4080
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.26
0.55 to 0.85
Iron (Fe), % 99.25 to 100
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.3 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050