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ASTM A36 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 8

Both ASTM A36 carbon steel and ASTM A356 grade 8 are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A36 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 8.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480
630
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
38
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 12
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 14
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
3.5
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
26
Embodied Water, L/kg 44
55

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 92
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220
390
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
22
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17
21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.26
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
1.0 to 1.5
Iron (Fe), % 99.25 to 100
95.4 to 97.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.5 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.9 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.2 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.050 to 0.15