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ASTM A36 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM A372 Grade D Steel

Both ASTM A36 carbon steel and ASTM A372 grade D steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A36 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade D steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 300
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480
810
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290
510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 12
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 14
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 44
48

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 92
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220
700
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
26

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.26
0.4 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 99.25 to 100
97.1 to 97.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0
1.4 to 1.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.17 to 0.27
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.010