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ASTM A36 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel

Both ASTM A36 carbon steel and ASTM grade HD steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 65% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A36 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 22
9.1
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
140
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480
590
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 12
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 14
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
17
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
45
Embodied Water, L/kg 44
180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 92
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
26
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.26
0 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr), % 0
26 to 30
Iron (Fe), % 99.25 to 100
58.4 to 70
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
4.0 to 7.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.040