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ASTM A36 Carbon Steel vs. Automotive Malleable Cast Iron

Both ASTM A36 carbon steel and automotive malleable cast iron are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A36 carbon steel and the bottom bar is automotive malleable cast iron.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140
130 to 290
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
180
Elongation at Break, % 22
1.0 to 10
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
70
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480
350 to 720
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290
220 to 590

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 12
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 14
8.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.9
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 44
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 92
6.8 to 30
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220
130 to 950
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
13 to 26
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17
14 to 24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
9.9 to 21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.26
2.2 to 2.9
Iron (Fe), % 99.25 to 100
93.6 to 96.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.15 to 1.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0.020 to 0.15
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.9 to 1.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0.020 to 0.2