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SAE-AISI 1045 Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1045 steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1045 steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 180 to 190
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 18
15 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220 to 370
430 to 610
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
77
Shear Strength, MPa 380 to 410
550 to 840
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 620 to 680
890 to 1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 330 to 580
710 to 1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
120

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 93
140 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 300 to 900
1270 to 2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22 to 24
32 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 22
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 22
28 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.43 to 0.5
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 98.5 to 99
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030