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SAE-AISI 1045 Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1045 steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1045 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 180 to 190
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 18
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220 to 370
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 40 to 51
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 380 to 410
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 620 to 680
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 330 to 580
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 93
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 300 to 900
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22 to 24
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 22
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 22
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.43 to 0.5
0 to 0.55
Iron (Fe), % 98.5 to 99
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050