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SAE-AISI 1090 Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1090 steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1090 steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 220 to 280
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 11
15 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320 to 380
430 to 610
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
77
Shear Strength, MPa 470 to 570
550 to 840
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 790 to 950
890 to 1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 520 to 610
710 to 1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 240
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
120

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82 to 91
140 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 730 to 1000
1270 to 2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 34
32 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 25 to 31
28 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.85 to 1.0
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 98 to 98.6
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030