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SAE-AISI 1090 Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1090 steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1090 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 220 to 280
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320 to 380
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 28 to 45
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 470 to 570
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 790 to 950
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 520 to 610
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 240
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82 to 91
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 34
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 25 to 31
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.85 to 1.0
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 98 to 98.6
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.7 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3