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SAE-AISI 1090 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1012 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1090 steel and SAE-AISI 1012 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1090 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1012 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 220 to 280
100 to 110
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11
21 to 31
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320 to 380
150 to 230
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 28 to 45
45 to 57
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 470 to 570
230 to 250
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 790 to 950
360 to 400
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 520 to 610
200 to 330

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 240
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
53
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
6.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
7.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82 to 91
80 to 93
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 730 to 1000
110 to 300
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 34
13 to 14
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
14 to 15
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 25 to 31
11 to 13

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.85 to 1.0
0.1 to 0.15
Iron (Fe), % 98 to 98.6
99.16 to 99.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050

Comparable Variants