SAE-AISI 4340M Steel vs. AISI 312 Stainless Steel
Both SAE-AISI 4340M steel and AISI 312 stainless steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have 70% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 33 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel and the bottom bar is AISI 312 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 710 | |
| 250 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.0 | |
| 28 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 690 | |
| 370 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.27 |
| Rockwell C Hardness | 55 | |
| 27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 80 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1360 | |
| 510 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 2340 | |
| 780 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1240 | |
| 510 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 280 | |
| 300 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1440 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1400 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 38 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.8 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.1 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.9 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.9 | |
| 3.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 26 | |
| 48 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 55 | |
| 170 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 2.2 | |
| 33 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 190 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 4120 | |
| 640 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 84 | |
| 28 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 51 | |
| 24 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 10 | |
| 4.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 70 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.38 to 0.43 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.7 to 1.0 | |
| 24 to 26 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 93.3 to 94.8 | |
| 62.2 to 69.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.65 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.35 to 0.45 | |
| 1.2 to 2.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0.14 to 0.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.012 | |
| 0 to 0.045 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 1.5 to 1.8 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.012 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.050 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |