C61400 Bronze vs. C31400 Bronze
Both C61400 bronze and C31400 bronze are copper alloys. They have 90% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C61400 bronze and the bottom bar is C31400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 34 to 40 | |
| 6.8 to 29 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 43 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 370 to 380 | |
| 180 to 240 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 270 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 220 to 270 | |
| 78 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 220 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 220 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1050 | |
| 1040 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1040 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 420 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 67 | |
| 180 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 14 | |
| 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 15 | |
| 43 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 28 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.5 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.0 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 48 | |
| 42 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 360 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 160 to 170 | |
| 26 to 59 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 210 to 310 | |
| 28 to 420 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.5 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 19 | |
| 8.7 to 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 18 | |
| 11 to 14 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 19 | |
| 54 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 18 to 20 | |
| 9.6 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 6.0 to 8.0 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 86 to 92.5 | |
| 87.5 to 90.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 1.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 5.8 to 11.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |