2011 (AlCu6BiPb, 3.1655, FC1, A92011) Aluminum
2011 aluminum is a 2000-series aluminum alloy: the main alloying addition is copper, and it is formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 2011 is the Aluminum Association (AA) designation for this material. In European standards, it will be given as EN AW-2011. AlCu6BiPb is the EN chemical designation. FC1 is the British Standard (BS) designation. A92011 is the UNS number. Additionally, the AFNOR (French) designation is A-U5PbBi.
It has been in use since 1934, but has only received its standard designation in 1954.
The properties of 2011 aluminum include seven common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare 2011 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
71 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
8.5 to 18 %
Fatigue Strength
74 to 120 MPa 11 to 18 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
190 to 250 MPa 27 to 36 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
310 to 420 MPa 45 to 61 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
140 to 310 MPa 20 to 45 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
390 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
190 °C 370 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
640 °C 1190 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
540 °C 1000 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
140 to 170 W/m-K 79 to 99 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
35 to 45 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
100 to 130 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
11 % relative
Density
3.1 g/cm3 200 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
7.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 63 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1150 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
29 to 52 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
140 to 680 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
44 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
27 to 37 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
32 to 40 points
Thermal Diffusivity
51 to 64 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
14 to 19 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought aluminum alloys, the composition of 2011 aluminum is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of copper (Cu) and including lead (Pb). Copper is used to improve strength. This comes at the cost of a decrease in corrosion resistance and weldability. Lead is used to improve machinability at the cost of toxicity and a decrease in weldability.
| Al | 91.3 to 94.6 | |
| Cu | 5.0 to 6.0 | |
| Pb | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| Bi | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.7 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.3 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM B210: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes
ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
EN 754-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties
Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch (editor), 1984
EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties
Aluminum Standards and Data, Aluminum Association Inc., 2013
EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products
Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Handbook vol. 2, ASM International, 1993