2014 (AlCu4SiMg, 3.1255, A92014) Aluminum
2014 aluminum is a 2000-series aluminum alloy: the main alloying addition is copper, and it is formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 2014 is the Aluminum Association (AA) designation for this material. In European standards, it will be given as EN AW-2014. AlCu4SiMg is the EN chemical designation. A92014 is the UNS number. Additionally, the AFNOR (French) designation is A-U4SG.
It has been in use since 1928, but has only received its standard designation in 1954. This material is well established: the Further Reading section below cites a number of published standards, and that list is not necessarily exhaustive.
It can have the lowest ductility among the 2000-series alloys in the database.
The properties of 2014 aluminum include 17 common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare 2014 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
1.5 to 16 %
Fatigue Strength
90 to 160 MPa 13 to 24 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
130 to 290 MPa 18 to 43 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
190 to 500 MPa 28 to 73 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
100 to 440 MPa 15 to 63 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
400 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
210 °C 410 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
630 °C 1160 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
510 °C 940 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
150 W/m-K 89 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
40 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
120 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
11 % relative
Density
3.0 g/cm3 190 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
8.1 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 64 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1130 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
6.6 to 56 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
76 to 1330 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
46 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
18 to 46 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
25 to 46 points
Thermal Diffusivity
58 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
8.4 to 22 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought aluminum alloys, the composition of 2014 aluminum is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of copper (Cu) and including zirconium (Zr). Copper is used to improve strength. This comes at the cost of a decrease in corrosion resistance and weldability. Zirconium is used to increase an alloy's recrystallization temperature, which increases the temperature at which the alloy can be used without permanent loss of mechanical properties.
| Al | 90.4 to 95 | |
| Cu | 3.9 to 5.0 | |
| Si | 0.5 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0.4 to 1.2 | |
| Mg | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.7 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Zr | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.15 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.1 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 586-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Forgings. Mechanical properties and additional property requirements.
ASTM B247: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Die Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Forgings
ASTM B210: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes
ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
Aerospace Materials, Brian Cantor et al. (editors), 2001
ASTM B221: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
Handbook of Aluminum Bonding Technology and Data, J. D. Minford, 1993
Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.
EN 754-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties
ASTM B209: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate