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2014-T4 Aluminum

2014-T4 aluminum is 2014 aluminum in the T4 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated and naturally aged. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 2014-T4 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

110

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

72 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

14 %

Fatigue Strength

140 MPa 20 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.33

Rockwell B Hardness

69

Shear Modulus

27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

260 MPa 38 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

430 MPa 62 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

270 MPa 39 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

400 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

210 °C 410 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

630 °C 1160 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

510 °C 940 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

150 W/m-K 89 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

23 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

40 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

120 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

11 % relative

Calomel Potential

-600 mV

Density

3.0 g/cm3 190 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

8.1 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

150 MJ/kg 64 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

1130 L/kg 140 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

54 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

500 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

46 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

39 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

42 points

Thermal Diffusivity

58 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

19 points

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al)Al 90.4 to 95
Copper (Cu)Cu 3.9 to 5.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0.5 to 1.2
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.4 to 1.2
Magnesium (Mg)Mg 0.2 to 0.8
Iron (Fe)Fe 0 to 0.7
Zinc (Zn)Zn 0 to 0.25
Zirconium (Zr)Zr 0 to 0.2
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.1
Residualsres. 0 to 0.15

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

EN 586-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Forgings. Mechanical properties and additional property requirements.

ASTM B247: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Die Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Forgings

ASTM B210: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes

ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire

Aerospace Materials, Brian Cantor et al. (editors), 2001

ASTM B221: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes

Handbook of Aluminum Bonding Technology and Data, J. D. Minford, 1993

EN 754-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties

ASTM B209: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate

EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties