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2024-T861 Aluminum

2024-T861 aluminum is 2024 aluminum in the T861 temper. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of 2024 aluminum. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 2024-T861 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

71 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

4.0 %

Fatigue Strength

140 MPa 20 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.33

Shear Modulus

27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

310 MPa 45 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

540 MPa 79 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

490 MPa 71 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

390 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

200 °C 390 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

640 °C 1180 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

500 °C 930 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

880 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

120 W/m-K 70 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

23 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

30 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

90 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

11 % relative

Calomel Potential

-600 mV

Density

3.0 g/cm3 190 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

8.3 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

150 MJ/kg 65 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

1140 L/kg 140 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

21 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

1680 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

46 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

50 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

49 points

Thermal Diffusivity

46 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

24 points

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al)Al 90.7 to 94.7
Copper (Cu)Cu 3.8 to 4.9
Magnesium (Mg)Mg 1.2 to 1.8
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.3 to 0.9
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe)Fe 0 to 0.5
Zinc (Zn)Zn 0 to 0.25
Zirconium (Zr)Zr 0 to 0.2
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.1
Residualsres. 0 to 0.15

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch (editor), 1984

ASTM B209: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate

EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties

Aluminum Standards and Data, Aluminum Association Inc., 2013

ISO 6361-2: Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheets, strips and plates - Part 2: Mechanical properties

EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products

Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Handbook vol. 2, ASM International, 1993