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Annealed O2 Tool Steel

Annealed SAE-AISI O2 is SAE-AISI O2 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI O2 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

190

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

22 %

Fatigue Strength

260 MPa 38 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Rockwell B Hardness

93

Shear Modulus

72 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

410 MPa 59 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

640 MPa 93 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

370 MPa 54 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1450 °C 2640 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1410 °C 2570 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

43 W/m-K 25 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

11 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.4 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.6 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.4 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.8 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

26 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

50 L/kg 6.0 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

120 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

370 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

23 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

21 points

Thermal Diffusivity

12 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

22 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 95 to 97.8
Manganese (Mn)Mn 1.4 to 1.8
Carbon (C)C 0.85 to 1.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.3
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015