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Annealed T4 Tool Steel

Annealed SAE-AISI T4 is SAE-AISI T4 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI T4 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

240

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

210 GPa 30 x 106 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Rockwell B Hardness

100

Shear Modulus

80 GPa 12 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

800 MPa 120 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1810 °C 3280 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1750 °C 3180 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

410 J/kg-K 0.1 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

21 W/m-K 12 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

55 % relative

Density

9.4 g/cm3 580 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

8.5 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

130 MJ/kg 56 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

120 L/kg 14 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

37

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

12 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

21 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

24 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

5.4 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

24 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 66.3 to 72.3
Tungsten (W)W 17.5 to 19
Cobalt (Co)Co 4.3 to 5.8
Chromium (Cr)Cr 3.8 to 4.5
Vanadium (V)V 0.8 to 1.2
Carbon (C)C 0.7 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.4 to 1.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0.2 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.1 to 0.4
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels

ASTM A600: Standard Specification for Tool Steel High Speed

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996