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Cold Drawn 1012 Carbon Steel

Cold drawn SAE-AISI 1012 is SAE-AISI 1012 steel in the cold worked (strain hardened) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare cold drawn SAE-AISI 1012 to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

110

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

21 %

Fatigue Strength

230 MPa 34 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Reduction in Area

45 %

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

250 MPa 37 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

400 MPa 59 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

330 MPa 49 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

400 °C 750 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1470 °C 2670 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2600 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

53 W/m-K 31 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

6.9 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

7.9 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

1.8 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.4 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

18 MJ/kg 7.8 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

45 L/kg 5.4 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

80 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

300 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

14 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

15 points

Thermal Diffusivity

14 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

13 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 99.16 to 99.6
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.3 to 0.6
Carbon (C)C 0.1 to 0.15
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.050
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the AISI Specification, Gregory J. Hancock et al., 2001

ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for

Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015