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1060 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4340 Steel

1060 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4340 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 1060 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 68
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 30
12 to 22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 15 to 50
330 to 740
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 42 to 75
430 to 770
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 67 to 130
690 to 1280
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 17 to 110
470 to 1150

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 660
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 650
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 230
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 62
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 210
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
3.5
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
1.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 160
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 1200
53

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 0.57 to 37
79 to 170
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2.1 to 89
590 to 3490
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 6.9 to 13
24 to 45
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 14 to 21
22 to 33
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 96
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 3.0 to 5.6
20 to 38

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 99.6 to 100
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.7 to 0.9
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.050
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.35
95.1 to 96.3
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.030
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.030
0.6 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.25
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.030
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 0.050
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.050
0

Comparable Variants