2218 Aluminum vs. ASTM A227 Spring Steel
2218 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A227 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 2218 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A227 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 95 to 110 | |
| 500 to 640 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.8 to 10 | |
| 12 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 110 | |
| 900 to 1160 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | |
| 72 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 210 to 250 | |
| 1030 to 1330 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 330 to 430 | |
| 1720 to 2220 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 310 | |
| 1430 to 1850 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 390 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 220 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 640 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 510 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 870 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 140 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 22 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 37 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 110 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 11 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 3.1 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.2 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1130 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 27 to 31 | |
| 200 to 260 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 45 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 30 to 39 | |
| 61 to 79 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 34 to 41 | |
| 41 to 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 52 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 15 to 19 | |
| 55 to 71 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 88.8 to 93.6 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.45 to 0.85 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 97.4 to 99.1 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 1.2 to 1.8 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0.3 to 1.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.3 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.9 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |