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4007 Aluminum vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

4007 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 4007 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 32 to 44
490 to 550
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 5.1 to 23
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 46 to 88
710 to 790
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
72
Shear Strength, MPa 80 to 90
1020 to 1140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 130 to 160
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 50 to 120
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 590
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 890
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 170
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 42
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
1.8
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.1
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1160
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 7.4 to 23
200 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 18 to 110
3260 to 4080
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 49
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12 to 15
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 23
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 67
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.5 to 6.7
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.1 to 97.6
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.55 to 0.85
Chromium (Cr), % 0.050 to 0.25
0
Cobalt (Co), % 0 to 0.050
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.2
0
Iron (Fe), % 0.4 to 1.0
97.5 to 99
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.2
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.8 to 1.5
0.3 to 1.2
Nickel (Ni), % 0.15 to 0.7
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 1.0 to 1.7
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.1
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0

Comparable Variants