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4145 Aluminum vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

4145 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 4145 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 73
190
Elongation at Break, % 2.2
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 48
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 28
73
Shear Strength, MPa 69
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 120
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 68
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 540
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 160
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 590
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 520
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 100
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 21
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 26
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 84
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
2.3
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 140
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 1040
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 2.3
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 42
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.5
53

Alloy Composition


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Aluminum (Al), % 83 to 87.4
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.15
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 3.3 to 4.7
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.8
96.7 to 97.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.15
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.15
0.7 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 9.3 to 10.7
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0