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5042 Aluminum vs. S31254 Stainless Steel

5042 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while S31254 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 5042 aluminum and the bottom bar is S31254 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 68
200
Elongation at Break, % 1.1 to 3.4
40
Fatigue Strength, MPa 97 to 120
290
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
80
Shear Strength, MPa 200
490
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 340 to 360
720
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270 to 310
330

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
1090
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 570
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 130
14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 33
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
2.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
28
Density, g/cm3 2.7
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.8
5.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
74
Embodied Water, L/kg 1180
190

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 3.6 to 12
240
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 550 to 720
270
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 35 to 37
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 42
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 53
3.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15 to 16
15

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.2 to 96.8
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.020
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
19.5 to 20.5
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.15
0.5 to 1.0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.35
51.4 to 56.3
Magnesium (Mg), % 3.0 to 4.0
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.2 to 0.5
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
6.0 to 6.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
17.5 to 18.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.18 to 0.22
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.2
0 to 0.8
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0