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518.0 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4012 Steel

518.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4012 steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 518.0 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 80
130
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 67
190
Elongation at Break, % 5.0
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 25
73
Shear Strength, MPa 200
270
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 310
420
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 190
220

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 620
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 560
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 98
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 24
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 81
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
2.1
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 9.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1160
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 14
82
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 270
130
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 51
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 32
15
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 38
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 40
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14
12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 88.1 to 92.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.090 to 0.14
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.8
98.2 to 98.9
Magnesium (Mg), % 7.5 to 8.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.35
0.75 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.15
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Tin (Sn), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.15
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.25
0