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AISI 304Cu Stainless Steel vs. AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Both AISI 304Cu stainless steel and AISI 321 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 304Cu stainless steel and the bottom bar is AISI 321 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160
170 to 210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 45
34 to 50
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190
220 to 270
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 76
77
Shear Strength, MPa 370
420 to 460
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 530
590 to 690
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 210
220 to 350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 290
290
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 420
480
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 930
870
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 13
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 16
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.4
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.8
2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 16
16
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.0
3.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 43
45
Embodied Water, L/kg 150
140

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 18
19
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 190
190 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 110
130 to 310
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 19
21 to 25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
20 to 22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.5
4.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
13 to 15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 17 to 19
17 to 19
Copper (Cu), % 3.0 to 4.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 63.9 to 72
65.3 to 74
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10
9.0 to 12
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.045
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.7