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AISI 304N Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both AISI 304N stainless steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. They have 71% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 304N stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190 to 360
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.1 to 45
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220 to 440
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 77
73
Shear Strength, MPa 420 to 700
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 620 to 1180
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270 to 850
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 290
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 960
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1420
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 16
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.4
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.7
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 15
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 43
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 150
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 280
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 1830
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22 to 42
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 32
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.2
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 26
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.55
Chromium (Cr), % 18 to 20
0
Iron (Fe), % 66.4 to 73.9
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0.6 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.1 to 0.16
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.045
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.75
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.050