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AISI 309 Stainless Steel vs. AISI 420 Stainless Steel

Both AISI 309 stainless steel and AISI 420 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 76% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 309 stainless steel and the bottom bar is AISI 420 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 180 to 210
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 34 to 47
8.0 to 15
Fatigue Strength, MPa 250 to 280
220 to 670
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.28
Rockwell B Hardness 84
84
Shear Modulus, GPa 78
76
Shear Strength, MPa 420 to 470
420 to 1010
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 600 to 710
690 to 1720
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 350
380 to 1310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 290
280
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 440
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 980
620
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1400
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
27
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 15
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.2
3.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
3.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 19
7.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 51
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 170
100

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 23
14
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
88 to 130
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 170 to 310
380 to 4410
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21 to 25
25 to 62
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 23
22 to 41
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
7.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 16
25 to 62

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.2
0.15 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr), % 22 to 24
12 to 14
Iron (Fe), % 58 to 66
82.3 to 87.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 12 to 15
0 to 0.75
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.045
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.75
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030