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AISI 312 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both AISI 312 stainless steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. They have 67% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 312 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 250
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 28
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 370
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 56
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Shear Strength, MPa 510
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 780
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 510
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1390
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 48
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 170
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 190
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 640
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.55
Chromium (Cr), % 24 to 26
0
Iron (Fe), % 62.2 to 69.2
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0.6 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 1.2 to 2.0
0
Nickel (Ni), % 5.5 to 6.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.14 to 0.2
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.045
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.050