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AISI 316 Stainless Steel vs. Hardened AISI 431

Both AISI 316 stainless steel and hardened AISI 431 are iron alloys. They have 86% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 33 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 316 stainless steel and the bottom bar is hardened AISI 431.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 360
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
200
Elongation at Break, % 8.0 to 55
15
Fatigue Strength, MPa 210 to 430
610
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 78
77
Shear Strength, MPa 350 to 690
840
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 520 to 1180
1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230 to 850
1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 290
280
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 410
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 590
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 16
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.3
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.6
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 19
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.9
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 53
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 150
120

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 26
16
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 85 to 260
180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130 to 1820
2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 41
50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 31
36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.1
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11 to 26
43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 16 to 18
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 62 to 72
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 2.0 to 3.0
0
Nickel (Ni), % 10 to 14
1.3 to 2.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.1
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.045
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.75
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030