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AISI 445 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

Both AISI 445 stainless steel and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 80% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 445 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 25
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 78
73
Shear Strength, MPa 310
1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 290
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 950
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1440
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1390
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 21
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.6
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 3.0
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 12
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 38
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 130
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 5.6
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.020
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 19 to 21
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0.3 to 0.6
0
Iron (Fe), % 74.9 to 80.7
96.8 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.0
0.7 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.6
0
Niobium (Nb), % 0 to 0.8
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.012
0 to 0.035
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3