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ASTM A182 Grade F12 Class 2 vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2 and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2 and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 180
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 34
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 340
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 540
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 310
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 43
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.8
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 52
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 19
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.1 to 0.2
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.3
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 96.4 to 98.3
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.8
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.44 to 0.65
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.1 to 0.6
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3