ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. 4104 Aluminum
ASTM A227 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 4104 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is 4104 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 71 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 12 | |
| 2.4 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 900 to 1160 | |
| 42 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 27 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1030 to 1330 | |
| 63 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1720 to 2220 | |
| 110 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1430 to 1850 | |
| 60 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 540 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 160 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 600 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 900 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 130 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 22 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 33 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 120 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 9.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 8.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 1080 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 200 to 260 | |
| 2.3 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 54 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 61 to 79 | |
| 12 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 41 to 48 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 58 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 55 to 71 | |
| 5.1 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 85.8 to 90 |
| Bismuth (Bi), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.45 to 0.85 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97.4 to 99.1 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 1.3 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 9.0 to 10.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |