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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A227 spring steel and AISI 321 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 71% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 321 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 500 to 640
170 to 210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 12
34 to 50
Fatigue Strength, MPa 900 to 1160
220 to 270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
77
Shear Strength, MPa 1030 to 1330
420 to 460
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
590 to 690
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
220 to 350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
870
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
16
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
45
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
140

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
190 to 230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
21 to 25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
20 to 22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
13 to 15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0
17 to 19
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
65.3 to 74
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
9.0 to 12
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.7