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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 1

Both ASTM A227 spring steel and ASTM A356 grade 1 are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 1.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 12
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 900 to 1160
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
550
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
280

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.35
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
98.3 to 100
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0 to 0.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030