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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A387 Grade 21L Class 1

Both ASTM A227 spring steel and ASTM A387 grade 21L class 1 are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 21L class 1.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 500 to 640
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 12
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 900 to 1160
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
74
Shear Strength, MPa 1030 to 1330
310
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
480
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
4.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
23
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
62

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
84
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
14

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0
2.8 to 3.3
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
94.4 to 96.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.9 to 1.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.025