ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. Type 3 Niobium
ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 3 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is Type 3 niobium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 490 to 550 | |
| 110 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 100 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 23 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.4 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 38 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1690 to 1890 | |
| 220 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1100 to 1230 | |
| 140 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 310 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 270 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 50 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 7.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.6 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 160 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 200 to 230 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3260 to 4080 | |
| 93 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 6.8 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 60 to 67 | |
| 7.2 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 40 to 43 | |
| 9.5 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 54 to 60 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.55 to 0.85 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Hafnium (Hf), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97.5 to 99 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 98.6 to 99.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |