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ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. C12000 Copper

ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C12000 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is C12000 copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
120
Elongation at Break, % 14
2.8 to 50
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
43
Shear Strength, MPa 1020 to 1140
160 to 240
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1690 to 1890
230 to 410
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1100 to 1230
77 to 400

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
210
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1080
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1080
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
390
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
390
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
98
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
98

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
31
Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
41
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
310

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
10 to 91
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 3260 to 4080
25 to 690
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
7.2
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60 to 67
7.2 to 13
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 43
9.4 to 14
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
110
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 54 to 60
8.2 to 15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.55 to 0.85
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
99.9 to 99.996
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 99
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.2
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0.0040 to 0.012
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0

Comparable Variants