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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. ACI-ASTM CG12 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and ACI-ASTM CG12 steel are iron alloys. They have 67% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CG12 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
160
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
40
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
550
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
220

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1040
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
18
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
48
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
12

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.12
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
20 to 23
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
60.3 to 70
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
10 to 13
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0