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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AISI 304 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 304 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
170 to 360
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
8.0 to 43
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
210 to 440
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
400 to 690
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
580 to 1180
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
230 to 860

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
710
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
15
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
43
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
86 to 250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
21 to 42
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
20 to 32
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
12 to 25

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
18 to 20
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
66.5 to 74
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 10.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0