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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AISI 316 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AISI 316 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 69% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 316 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
160 to 360
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
8.0 to 55
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
210 to 430
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Reduction in Area, % 46
80
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
350 to 690
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
520 to 1180
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
230 to 850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
590
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
19
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
53
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
85 to 260
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
18 to 41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
18 to 31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
11 to 26

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
16 to 18
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
62 to 72
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
2.0 to 3.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
10 to 14
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0