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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AISI 442 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AISI 442 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 80% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 442 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
210
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
370
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
580
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
960
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
22
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.7
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
3.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
10
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
130

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
5.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
20

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
18 to 23
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
74.1 to 82
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0